Extended Evolutionary Synthesis and Basic Concepts for Theorizing Anthropogenesis

Based on a critique of neo-Darwinism (the synthetic theory of evolution), the article proposes a view of anthropogenesis based on the approach of an extended evolutionary synthesis, which includes the concepts of gene-culture coevolution, cultural drive, epigenetics, multilevel selection, niche construction and the Baldwin effect. This approach is combined with the idea of co-evolution of concerns and structures. The contribution of Soviet and Russian scientists is noted in the development of evolutionary theory, in particular, Sergei Chetverikov and Feodosiy Dobzhansky. An important principle of evolution is “outside-in” causality, where the characteristics of species influence populations and groups, which in turn influence individuals. Sapientation in anthropogenesis is interpreted as a cascade of aromorphoses with the development of cognitive and communicative abilities. A concept metaphorically called “magic wands” is proposed. These are the most flexible and multifunctional support structures that allow individuals and groups to successfully satisfy their needs.