Measures of State Support of Nuclear Energy: The Experience of Foreign Countries

This article considers the factors of state participation and support of nuclear energy and approaches to the classification of its models and forms. It is noted that models for the development of nuclear energy with an insufficient share of state participation and support in modern conditions have shown their inefficiency, which led to the lag of the countries implementing them (first of all, the United States, Great Britain, France, Sweden, etc.) from competing states. The analysis of  the program-strategic documents and legislative acts of these states adopted in recent years showed their desire to expand and accelerate the development of nuclear energy through a significant increase in state support for the industry. Among these measures, the author identified and characterized the introduction of tax credits and benefits, the search for and approval of new ways to finance large infrastructure projects, strengthening the role of state authorities and administration, reducing the regulatory burden on the industry, launching programs to support the development of nuclear energy, and legislative support. Finally, a conclusion is made about the reassessment, revision, and desire for modernization by individual foreign states of the previously existing models of state participation and support for nuclear energy. It is emphasized that only the coordinated, systematic, and comprehensive nature of the measures reflected in the regulatory legal acts that ensure their implementation can contribute to an increase in the share of nuclear energy in the energy balance of these states and have a positive impact on the solutions of their economic, energy, and climate problems.