A Brief Review of Renewable Hydrogen Production for Developing Nations

The growth of human activities and population has significantly increased global energy needs. Currently, fossil fuels are the primary global energy source, but they harm the environment by releasing greenhouse gases. Hydrogen has been identified as an effective energy carrier and can be obtained from both renewable and non-renewable sources. This study will examine renewable methods of hydrogen production, specifically focusing on splitting water and biomass. The study will also address the limitations associated with these methods. Furthermore, it will explore key obstacles to the global expansion of the hydrogen economy, including the lack of a clean hydrogen value chain, challenges in hydrogen storage and transportation, high production costs, the absence of international standards, and investment risks. The study will conclude with recommendations for future research to improve the technical efficiency of production methods and policy suggestions for governments to mitigate investment risks and promote the growth of the hydrogen economy.