Condensation in an expanding high-enthalpy plasma jet producing nanoparticles and their deposition on a surface

This study demonstrates a process of nanoparticle crystallization in an expanding jet of high-enthalpy inequilibrium plasma carrying the titanium particles flow (as an example) and their deposition on a substrate. The plasma source is a disk-type MHD accelerator. The transport gas with a gaseous precursor is fed to the plasma accelerator input. The flow from this MHD accelerator gains the velocity about several km per second and emerges into vacuum chamber. The generated plasma jet flows around the substrate. When the substrate is placed at the distance from the MHD exit equal to the channel width size, this arrangement produces a smooth coating on a substrate. For one order higher distance to the sample, this gas-particle flow creates a coating of nanosized crystals.