On the limits of influence of non-equilibrium processes on the jet discharge of gases to vacuum (To the 110th anniversary of the birth of Academician S.S. Kutateladze)

The paper presents the contribution of Academician S.S. Kutateladze to the substantiation and development of engineering methods for calculating electric-arc plasmatorches based on the approaches of the similarity theory and dimensional analysis. Generalized volt-ampere and thermal characteristics of a single-chamber plasmatorch with both conventional water and porous anode cooling are presented, as well as some investigation results on high-temperature, underexpanded supersonic low-density jets, including the plasma ones.