Model of the Formation of Monzogabbrodiorite–Syenite–Granitoid Intrusions by the Example of the Akzhailau Massif (Eastern Kazakhstan)

This paper presents a model of the formation of a multiphase Akzhailau granitoid massif formed within a Caledonian block of the Earth’s crust in the Hercynian time. This work is based on the results of major and trace element composition, geochronological, mineralogical and isotope-geochemical studies. Three stages of the formation of the Akzhailau massif are distinguished, which differ significantly from the previously accepted concepts about the multicomplex and polychronous origin of this intrusion: (1) the formation of moderately alkaline A₂-type leuсogranites (308–301 Ma); (2) intrusion of monzodiorites into the base of leucogranites (~295 Ma), increasing degree of partial melting of protoliths with the formation of syenites and moderately alkaline granites of I-type (294–292 Ma); (3) intrusion of dikes and small bodies of alkaline ferroeckermannite A₁-type leucogranites in the west and north of massif (~289 Ma). The Akzhailau massif was formed within about 15 Myr in the middle–upper crust through the interaction of plume-related subalkaline basitic magmas with metamorphosed crustal protolith of the orogenic structure.