Abstract <p>The article presents the results of a study of the mechanisms of vegetative balance in the human cardiovascular system (CVS) using a short-radius centrifuge (SRC) as a preventive measure against the adverse effects of microgravity. The effects of microgravity were modeled in a 21-day experiment with bed rest (BR). The body tilt angle was –6°. Starting from the 8th day, volunteers were subjected to interval rotations on the SRC (overloads of +1.27 and +1.5 Gz). Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and ECG dispersion mapping (ECG DM) made it possible to evaluate the dynamics of autonomic regulation and related electrophysiological processes in the myocardium. The results showed that the application of the SRC contributed to the stabilization of the autonomic balance. The decrease in parasympathetic activity (<i>pNN50</i>) by the 18th day of the experiment was accompanied by the preservation of the overall variability (<i>SDNN</i>) and the normalization of the sympatho-vagal ratio (<i>LF</i>/<i>HF</i>). The indices of electrical instability of the myocardium (IEI) and <i>T</i>-micro alternations remained within the limits registered before the effect of BR, and by the 18th day they even decreased, in contrast to BR without the use of the SRC. This indicates a more optimal maintenance of the vegetative balance and a decrease in the risk of heart rhythm disturbances when using preventive rotation sessions on the SRC. The dominance of very low-frequency (<i>VLF</i>) components of the spectrum in the heart rhythm in most of the experiment indicated the activation of neurohumoral regulatory mechanisms. The data obtained confirm the effectiveness of the SRC as a means of preventing hypogravitational disturbances. The results emphasize the importance of integrating the SRC into the prevention system to ensure the safety of crews in long-term space missions.</p>