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Abstract <p>The present electroencephalographic (EEG) study involved 24 schoolchildren (8–9 years old). The participants performed arithmetic tasks in a delayed response paradigm: firstly, a problem was presented, followed by an answer, to which they had to react by pressing a button if it was correct and skip if the answer was incorrect. Differences in the parameters of event related potentials (ERPs) were revealed between the group of schoolchildren who made more than 50% of errors (8 subjects), i.e., children with mental calculation difficulties, and the group of schoolchildren who made less than 20% of errors (13 subjects), i.e., children with normal proficiency in mental calculation skills. In response to a correct answer, the group of well-counting schoolchildren (in comparison with poorly counting ones) demonstrated a reduced latency of the <i>P</i>2 component (on the time interval of 140–200 ms) in the central and frontal cortical areas and a larger amplitude of the positive component related to <i>P</i>3 (292–616 ms) with a maximum of differences in the central, parietal, and temporal areas of the right hemisphere. When an incorrect answer was presented, a larger amplitude of positive components in the wide time interval of 272–1232 ms was registered in the group of well-counting schoolchildren in the central and parietal cortical areas with a maximum in the right hemisphere. The revealed differences in ERP amplitudes affected both earlier perceptual components (in particular, <i>P</i>2) and later semantic components of ERPs, reflecting different stages of information processing and decision making. According to the analysis of resting-state EEG, higher spectral power in θ- (4–8 Hz), α<sub>1</sub>- (8–10 Hz), and β<sub>1</sub>- (13–18 Hz) EEG bands, as well as higher value of the integral spatial connectivity parameter calculated from the structural function of multichannel EEG, were seen in children with mental calculation difficulties than in those with formed mental calculation skills. Taking into account the age-related dynamics of analyzed EEG parameters, these differences might characterize a slower maturation of the brain regulatory mechanisms in children with mental calculation difficulties.</p>

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EEG Characteristics during Resting State and Event-Related Potentials in Arithmetic Problem Solving among Primary School Children with Different Levels of Mental Calculation Skills

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Zh. V. Nagornova,
  • M. I. Trifonov,
  • E. A. Panasevich,
  • V. P. Rozhkov,
  • V. A. Galkin,
  • A. V. Grokhotova,
  • E. M. Zavodova,
  • S. I. Soroko,
  • N. V. Shemyakina

摘要

Abstract

The present electroencephalographic (EEG) study involved 24 schoolchildren (8–9 years old). The participants performed arithmetic tasks in a delayed response paradigm: firstly, a problem was presented, followed by an answer, to which they had to react by pressing a button if it was correct and skip if the answer was incorrect. Differences in the parameters of event related potentials (ERPs) were revealed between the group of schoolchildren who made more than 50% of errors (8 subjects), i.e., children with mental calculation difficulties, and the group of schoolchildren who made less than 20% of errors (13 subjects), i.e., children with normal proficiency in mental calculation skills. In response to a correct answer, the group of well-counting schoolchildren (in comparison with poorly counting ones) demonstrated a reduced latency of the P2 component (on the time interval of 140–200 ms) in the central and frontal cortical areas and a larger amplitude of the positive component related to P3 (292–616 ms) with a maximum of differences in the central, parietal, and temporal areas of the right hemisphere. When an incorrect answer was presented, a larger amplitude of positive components in the wide time interval of 272–1232 ms was registered in the group of well-counting schoolchildren in the central and parietal cortical areas with a maximum in the right hemisphere. The revealed differences in ERP amplitudes affected both earlier perceptual components (in particular, P2) and later semantic components of ERPs, reflecting different stages of information processing and decision making. According to the analysis of resting-state EEG, higher spectral power in θ- (4–8 Hz), α1- (8–10 Hz), and β1- (13–18 Hz) EEG bands, as well as higher value of the integral spatial connectivity parameter calculated from the structural function of multichannel EEG, were seen in children with mental calculation difficulties than in those with formed mental calculation skills. Taking into account the age-related dynamics of analyzed EEG parameters, these differences might characterize a slower maturation of the brain regulatory mechanisms in children with mental calculation difficulties.