Adaptation of a Child’s Body to Primary School Education

The systematic review of the literature presents data on the factors of the school environment, as well as on the psychological, social, and physiological aspects of a child’s adaptation to learning in primary school. The criteria for successful adaptation in this aspect are academic performance, behavior, and inclusion of the child in the social environment, as well as moderate shifts in physiological indicators. Modern approaches to the study of physiological reactions associated with adaptation to school are described, based primarily on the dynamics of cortisol in saliva and the variability of biological rhythms. The role of health is emphasized and data on the adaptation of children with disabilities to school are presented. The important role of the mother and intra-family relations on the nature and effectiveness of adaptation processes is shown.