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Abstract <p>In order to evaluate this work, cosmic matter in the form of diffusive barotropic fluid has been used to represent the flat FLRW Universe. The cosmic scalar field <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12267_2025_5267_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="68" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\phi_{\textrm{diffusion}})\)</EquationSource> <!--GravCos2570013Deogharia-m3--> </InlineEquation> is taken as a diffusion process, causing the diffusive fluid to dissipate. Also, three kinds of parametrizations of energy densities are introduced. A suitable hybrid scale factor is used to construct a four-parameter model. To approximate the cosmological parameters, the <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12267_2025_5267_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\chi^{2}\)</EquationSource> <!--GravCos2570013Deogharia-m4--> </InlineEquation>-test is introduced. To find the nature of the expanding universe, the cosmological parameters are analyzed. The ultimate fate of the universe can be predicted through this model.</p>

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Four-Parameter \(\boldsymbol{\chi}^{\mathbf{2}}\)-Test Discloses a Suitable Hubble Parameter for Diffusive Interaction in the Dark Sector: Prediction of a Super-Exponentially Expanding Emergent Universe

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月11日

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  • Giridhari Deogharia,
  • Shreyashi Roy

摘要

Abstract

In order to evaluate this work, cosmic matter in the form of diffusive barotropic fluid has been used to represent the flat FLRW Universe. The cosmic scalar field \((\phi_{\textrm{diffusion}})\) is taken as a diffusion process, causing the diffusive fluid to dissipate. Also, three kinds of parametrizations of energy densities are introduced. A suitable hybrid scale factor is used to construct a four-parameter model. To approximate the cosmological parameters, the \(\chi^{2}\) -test is introduced. To find the nature of the expanding universe, the cosmological parameters are analyzed. The ultimate fate of the universe can be predicted through this model.