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Abstract <p>This study was conducted to propose/develop a cost-effective methodology for targeted sampling and identification of pollution hotspots for water quality assessment. An integrated analytical approach—combining remote sensing, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and photoluminescence (PL)—was conducted in the Okhla Barrage, a significant basin receiving inflows from various regions in the Yamuna River. The Yamuna, a crucial watercourse in India and a primary source of drinking water, is now experiencing severe pollution due to multiple anthropogenic inputs. Turbidity was assessed via NDTI, and LC-MS detected chemical contaminants, while nearby industries were mapped using Google Maps to trace potential pollution sources. NDTI values using remote sensing indicated relatively low turbidity (–0.005), yet LC-MS identified 150 compounds, 39% of which were synthetic and 53% matched pharmaceutical-origin compounds and could be aligned with geolocated industrial facilities near study area. PL spectra showed significant pollutant influence at 332 nm within the visible spectrum. Despite low turbidity, LC-MS and PL analyses confirmed substantial chemical contamination, underscoring that physical turbidity alone cannot capture the presence of emerging contaminants. Satellite-derived turbidity as an initial assessment tool allows efficient pinpointing of contamination-prone zones, offering a cost-efficient method for prioritizing sampling locations. Paired with LC-MS, it confirms the presence of emerging contaminants. Given the accessibility of remote sensing data, this model is adaptable for large-scale monitoring free of cost, particularly in resource-limited settings. Overall, the combined use of remote sensing, LC-MS, and PL presents a robust strategy for assessing and managing complex pollutant loads in aquatic environment, and contributing to Sustainable Development Goal 6—promoting clean water and sanitation worldwide.</p>

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Tracing the Invisible: Integrating Remote Sensing and LC-MS for Comprehensive Pollutant Profiling in River Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Abhiruchi Varshney,
  • Indira P. Sarethy

摘要

Abstract

This study was conducted to propose/develop a cost-effective methodology for targeted sampling and identification of pollution hotspots for water quality assessment. An integrated analytical approach—combining remote sensing, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and photoluminescence (PL)—was conducted in the Okhla Barrage, a significant basin receiving inflows from various regions in the Yamuna River. The Yamuna, a crucial watercourse in India and a primary source of drinking water, is now experiencing severe pollution due to multiple anthropogenic inputs. Turbidity was assessed via NDTI, and LC-MS detected chemical contaminants, while nearby industries were mapped using Google Maps to trace potential pollution sources. NDTI values using remote sensing indicated relatively low turbidity (–0.005), yet LC-MS identified 150 compounds, 39% of which were synthetic and 53% matched pharmaceutical-origin compounds and could be aligned with geolocated industrial facilities near study area. PL spectra showed significant pollutant influence at 332 nm within the visible spectrum. Despite low turbidity, LC-MS and PL analyses confirmed substantial chemical contamination, underscoring that physical turbidity alone cannot capture the presence of emerging contaminants. Satellite-derived turbidity as an initial assessment tool allows efficient pinpointing of contamination-prone zones, offering a cost-efficient method for prioritizing sampling locations. Paired with LC-MS, it confirms the presence of emerging contaminants. Given the accessibility of remote sensing data, this model is adaptable for large-scale monitoring free of cost, particularly in resource-limited settings. Overall, the combined use of remote sensing, LC-MS, and PL presents a robust strategy for assessing and managing complex pollutant loads in aquatic environment, and contributing to Sustainable Development Goal 6—promoting clean water and sanitation worldwide.