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Abstract <p>The existence of arsenic in the groundwater and the processes controlling its transport, source, and sinks are vital to managing its contamination efficiently and sustainably. To unveil these processes, the finite difference simulation method was used. An alluvial valley in Pakistan was selected. The data collected involved topography, stratigraphy, meteorology, hydrology, and hydrogeology that were translated into MODFLOW computer software. The transport analysis results concluded that arsenic contamination is either derived from the northwestern side of the modeled area or has been brought by the Indus River. Further understanding reveals that the discharge from pumping wells and the Indus River significantly contributed to the proliferation of arsenic in this aquifer. The wells and discharge played two roles: the enhancement of mobilization and the spreading of arsenic laterally and vertically in the aquifer. Similarly, seasonal fluctuations of Indus River stages are also sought to have a profound impact on these spatial arsenic variations. The sources of the arsenic seemed to be the Indus River and other streams.</p>

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Predicting Spatiotemporal Trends of Arsenic in the Alluvial Aquifers Using Three Dimensional Transport Simulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月26日

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  • Anwar Qadir,
  • Salman Ahmed Khattak,
  • George Kontakiotis

摘要

Abstract

The existence of arsenic in the groundwater and the processes controlling its transport, source, and sinks are vital to managing its contamination efficiently and sustainably. To unveil these processes, the finite difference simulation method was used. An alluvial valley in Pakistan was selected. The data collected involved topography, stratigraphy, meteorology, hydrology, and hydrogeology that were translated into MODFLOW computer software. The transport analysis results concluded that arsenic contamination is either derived from the northwestern side of the modeled area or has been brought by the Indus River. Further understanding reveals that the discharge from pumping wells and the Indus River significantly contributed to the proliferation of arsenic in this aquifer. The wells and discharge played two roles: the enhancement of mobilization and the spreading of arsenic laterally and vertically in the aquifer. Similarly, seasonal fluctuations of Indus River stages are also sought to have a profound impact on these spatial arsenic variations. The sources of the arsenic seemed to be the Indus River and other streams.