Abstract <p>Traditional methods of treating open wounds are not always effective, as they require frequent and traumatic dressing changes, as well as the use of various medications, which can negatively affect the body. Current research is focused on developing new wound coverings that promote faster and more effective recovery of damaged tissues. The development of new fibrous materials based on polylactic acid and the diterpene alkaloid songorine, isolated from the above-ground part of the <i>Aconitum barbatum</i> plant, is proposed in this work. These materials are designed to serve as targeted delivery systems for effective healing of damaged skin surfaces. Scaffolds based on the aliphatic polymer were prepared by electrospinning. Two-stage (combined) surface treatment of the samples was carried out by low-temperature plasma treatment in a nitrogen flow for 5 min, followed by surface adsorption of songorine in the amount of 5 wt % onto the plasma-modified surface of the materials. The method of combined modification leads to the formation of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing bonds on the surface of polymer materials, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which results in improved physicochemical and biological properties. Macrophage viability studies showed that all scaffolds were biocompatible: the number of living cells corresponded to the control level. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface treatment does not affect the morphology of the scaffold surface. It was found that songorine accelerates the degradation of the materials. Using UV detection, it was shown that the release of songorine from the surface of the samples follows a “burst release” type of release characteristic of antibacterial coated systems.</p>