Ultrasonic Liquid Extraction Using Advanced Cavitation in the Process of Disposal of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

The ultrasonic cavitation extraction scheme uses dissolution of waste material in deep eutectic solvent to remove it from the substrate and then extract the valuable element with help of the ultrasonic liquid membrane method. A detailed description of this method is given for the case of using high-power ultrasound under typical conditions of cavitation caused by standing ultrasonic waves when its threshold is significantly exceeded and the extraction process is determined by cavitation parameters and limitations. An expression is obtained for the behavior over time of the amount of the extracted element and the dependence of this parameter on the magnitude of the acoustic pressure. The spatial distribution of the velocity of acoustic flow caused by cavitation is found in the one-dimensional case.