Minimization of Atmospheric Dustiness during Open-Pit Coal Mining

Abstract—This article is dedicated to the problem of reducing atmospheric dustiness during open-pit coal mining. It provides an overview of coal extraction in the CIS regions of Ekibastuz, Kansk–Achinsk, and Kuznetsk, with detailed information about the Ekibastuz deposit, which has reserves of approximately 10 bln t and is being developed by the Bogatyr quarry. The risk of hazardous atmospheric pollution is shown to be reduced by optimizing the parameters of explosive rock fragmentation. The research methodology includes experience analysis, systematic analysis, mathematical modeling using probability theory functions, mathematical analysis and investigation, discrete optimization, improvement of management and decision-making, information processing, and ecological–economic analysis. A typology of dust formation processes and the volume of dust emissions based on the nature and location of technological processes is provided. The quarry and its surroundings are ranked by danger zones. Data on dust migration depending on weather conditions and sources of dust formation after coal separation from the mass are presented. The indicators of the Bogatyr quarry are compared with similar operations. Results of dust reduction using traditional methods in Russia and abroad are provided. The possibility of reducing the overall level of dust pollution through the optimization of explosive coal and rock separation parameters is highlighted. The mechanism of rock mass destruction with minimal production of ore fines and dust-emitting fractions is justified, and the results of optimizing the fragmentation process for the Bogatyr quarry are presented, demonstrating a reduction in the output of volatile mineral fractions. The laws of dust pollution are established. The output of active dust fractions is shown to be decreased by optimizing the raw material fragmentation parameters.