Abstract <p>Sulfidized carbon cathodes suffer the problem of real world Lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries, not showing significant performance degradation, even after high sulfur loading and prolonged cycling as a result of structural instability of sulfur cathodes, and not the sulfidized carbon cathodes. To solve this issue, we engineered a structure-stabilized sulfur cathode based on carbon cloth (CC@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanowires. The 3D architecture of carbon cloth acts as an exible and conductive support, and the nanowires’ uniform anchoring as mechanical reinforcement prevents collapse of the structure while retaining internal porosity. Thanks to the high hierarchical morphology, even thick electrodes have sulfur uniform accommodation, effective electrolyte diffusion, and unobstructed pathways for ion and electron transfers, which enhances the porosity and decreases the sulfur diffusion problem. Therefore, CC@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/S cathode outperforms the pristine carbon cloth based cathodes in rate capability, cycling stability, and areal capacity. Stable electrochemical performance was particularly impressive given the 8.2 mg cm<sup>−2</sup> sulfur loadings, showing structural engineering does mitigate degradation mechanism of the electrodes on prolonged cycling. This work presents a scalable approach for the design of mechanically sound, free-standing sulfur cathodes for useful energy storage applications and emphasizes the crucial role electrode architecture plays in enabling high-loading and long-life Li–S batteries.</p>

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Structure Stabilized High Loading Lithium Sulfur Batteries Enabled by Fe3O4 Nanowire Reinforced Carbon Cloth Cathodes

  • Xiaopeng Li,
  • Xiaoming Jiang,
  • Jie Li,
  • Lin Zhou,
  • Yaolishun Xing,
  • Yaxuan Wang,
  • Zhuoqiong Wen

摘要

Abstract

Sulfidized carbon cathodes suffer the problem of real world Lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries, not showing significant performance degradation, even after high sulfur loading and prolonged cycling as a result of structural instability of sulfur cathodes, and not the sulfidized carbon cathodes. To solve this issue, we engineered a structure-stabilized sulfur cathode based on carbon cloth (CC@Fe3O4) and Fe3O4 nanowires. The 3D architecture of carbon cloth acts as an exible and conductive support, and the nanowires’ uniform anchoring as mechanical reinforcement prevents collapse of the structure while retaining internal porosity. Thanks to the high hierarchical morphology, even thick electrodes have sulfur uniform accommodation, effective electrolyte diffusion, and unobstructed pathways for ion and electron transfers, which enhances the porosity and decreases the sulfur diffusion problem. Therefore, CC@Fe3O4/S cathode outperforms the pristine carbon cloth based cathodes in rate capability, cycling stability, and areal capacity. Stable electrochemical performance was particularly impressive given the 8.2 mg cm−2 sulfur loadings, showing structural engineering does mitigate degradation mechanism of the electrodes on prolonged cycling. This work presents a scalable approach for the design of mechanically sound, free-standing sulfur cathodes for useful energy storage applications and emphasizes the crucial role electrode architecture plays in enabling high-loading and long-life Li–S batteries.