Cavitation Activation of the Oxidative Destruction of Ceftriaxone in Aqueous Solutions

The example of ceftriaxone is used to study for the first time the basic principles of the destruction of cephalosporin antibiotics by persulfate (PS) under the combined effects of low-pressure hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and high-frequency ultrasound in the megahertz range (AC). A comparative assessment of individual, combined, and hybrid oxidative systems is made. The efficiency of the destruction of ceftriaxone (CEF) grows in the order HC < AC < AC + HC (HAC) < AC/PS < HC/PS < HAC/PS < HAC/PS/Fe²⁺. Only in the hybrid system of HAC/PS/Fe²⁺ is the deep oxidation of CEF (93%) achieved at a pressure of 5 atm at the entrance to the cavitation device. The inhibition of radical reactions is used to prove experimentally that both \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{ \bullet - }}\) and \({\text{H}}{{{\text{O}}}^{ \bullet }}\) radicals participate in the oxidation of ceftriaxone in hybrid system HAC/PS/Fe²⁺. The effect inorganic anions (SO \(_{4}^{{2 - }}\) , Cl⁻, and HCO \(_{3}^{ - }\) ) have on the oxidative destruction of CEF is considered. The degrees of inhibitory influence on the reaction rate of oxidation the target compound decrease in the series HCO \(_{3}^{ - }\) \( \gg \) SO \(_{4}^{{2 - }}\) > Cl⁻. The great potential of the HAC/PS/Fe²⁺ hybrid system is demonstrated for the effective destruction of bioresistant organic pollutants.