Growth Characteristics, Phase Composition, and Optical Properties of Ti–Sc–O Thin Films Synthesized by Atomic Layer Deposition
摘要
Ternary Ti–Sc–O thin films were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 300°C via the alternation of reaction cycles with the TiCl4 or Sc(MeCp)3 precursor and H2O as the co-reactant. Materials with [Sc]/([Ti] + [Sc]) = 13, 25, 44, 64, or 82% were prepared at various ratios between the alternating cycles. The films were characterized by spectroscopic and single-wavelength null ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction. Film growth occurred within the temperature window of ALD and was substrate-inhibited. The dominant oxidation states of the metals were Ti4+ and Sc3+. Low scandium concentrations (up to [Sc]/([Ti] + [Sc]) = 25%) suppressed film crystallization into anatase as opposed to what was observed for TiO2 films. The materials formed in the range [Sc]/([Ti] + [Sc]) = 44–100% had cubic structures; as the scandium concentration increases, the structure changed from disordered fluorite Sc4Ti3O12 to Sc2O3-base cubic solid solution. The refractive indices n(E), absorption coefficients k(E), and optical bandgaps were well fitted to the Tauc–Lorentz model with a sharp absorption edge. They varied between the respective parameters of TiO2 and Sc2O3 depending on the composition, which is topical for applied problems in optics, photonics, solar energy, and photocatalysis.