A New Genus for the Sarmatian (Uppermost Middle Miocene) Mackerels (Scombridae) from the North Caucasus

V.V. Bogachev (1933) described the scombrid fish Auxis caucasica based on an incomplete skeleton from the Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) of the North Caucasus (Stavropol Region). Subsequently, this species was assigned to the mackerel genus Scomber. New findings in the Sarmatian of the North Caucasus (Krasnodar Region, Pshekha River) revealed a significant reduction in the number of vertebrae in S. caucasicus (Bogatshov) (up to 28), which is extremely unusual for Scombridae, with at least 31 vertebrae. A new genus Mioscomber is established to accommodate the Sarmatian species of scombrids. The scombrids from the Sarmatian of the former Yugoslavia, originally described as Auxis vrabcensis Kramberger, 1882, A. thynnoides Kramberger, 1882 and Scomber sujedanus Steindachner, 1860, are assigned to the same genus—these also have a reduction in the number of vertebrae. The generic character of Mioscomber gen. nov. assumes correction of the diagnosis of the family Scombridae, from “Vertebrae 31–66” to “Vertebrae 28–66”.