Effect of Methyl Parathion on Bacterial Communities in Soil and Sediment and Degradation of the Compound under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions
摘要
This paper describes the influences of the pesticide methyl parathion on bacterial communities in soil under aerobic conditions and in a river sediment under anaerobic conditions. The analysis of α- and β-diversities showed that the compound caused significant shifts in bacterial community structures in soil and sediment. Methyl parathion degradation by enrichment cultures from soil and sediment was also investigated. Within 48 h, the enrichment culture from soil utilized 24.6 ± 4.6% of methyl parathion used as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. Supplementation with glucose and NaNO3 increased the degradation by the soil enrichment to 77.4 ± 6.4%. Meanwhile, the enrichment from the sediment could not utilize methyl parathion as a sole carbon and nitrogen source, but it degraded 97.6 ± 1.2% of the compound within 48 h when supplemented with the carbon and nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions. During the methyl parathion degradation, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide and p-nitrophenol were formed by the enrichment culture from soil, while O-(4-aminophenyl)-O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate and p-aminophenol were produced during the degradation by the sediment one. This study provides valuable information on the effects of methyl parathion on bacterial communities and biodegradation mechanisms under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.