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Abstract <p>This study comprehensively investigates biofilm formation, exploring its biophysical properties: adhesion, surface roughness, cell stiffness, and cell surface hydrophobicity. The study focused on five foodborne biofilm-forming strains of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S.&#xa0;aureus</i>), for which molecular identification was carried out. Developed biofilms were analyzed using the crystal violet assay. Subsequently, the biofilms on the slides were assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the biophysical characteristics associated with the process of biofilm formation. The results demonstrated a progressive increase in surface hydrophobicity as biofilm formation advanced, though the extent of this change varied noticeably among the different samples. Specifically, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> exhibited faster initial force increases on glass surfaces (τ = 4 s) compared to cell-to-cell interactions (τ = 21 s). AFM-based cell stiffness measurements showed a decreasing trend in <i>P.&#xa0;aeruginosa</i> during biofilm maturation (from 1.3 MPa at 48 h to 1.1 MPa in 96 h) with an oscillatory pattern. <i>S. aureus</i> exhibited a decrease in stiffness over time, with values of 0.9 MPa at 48 h and 0.4 MPa at 96 h. Additionally, cell surface hydrophobicity increased in both species during biofilm development, indicating enhanced water repellency. SEM imaging further revealed distinctive matrix structures in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms, facilitating the intercellular interactions. This study brings forth new angles for developing targeted, species-specific approaches to address biofilm challenges.</p>

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Surface Interactions and Mechanical Properties Shaping Biofilm Dynamics in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • M. Siddiqui,
  • S. Urooj,
  • N. ul Huda,
  • F. Z. Khan,
  • B. Jabeen,
  • A. Ahmed,
  • N. A. Shar,
  • S. Khan,
  • M. N. Khan,
  • Z. A. Mirani

摘要

Abstract

This study comprehensively investigates biofilm formation, exploring its biophysical properties: adhesion, surface roughness, cell stiffness, and cell surface hydrophobicity. The study focused on five foodborne biofilm-forming strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), for which molecular identification was carried out. Developed biofilms were analyzed using the crystal violet assay. Subsequently, the biofilms on the slides were assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the biophysical characteristics associated with the process of biofilm formation. The results demonstrated a progressive increase in surface hydrophobicity as biofilm formation advanced, though the extent of this change varied noticeably among the different samples. Specifically, P. aeruginosa exhibited faster initial force increases on glass surfaces (τ = 4 s) compared to cell-to-cell interactions (τ = 21 s). AFM-based cell stiffness measurements showed a decreasing trend in P. aeruginosa during biofilm maturation (from 1.3 MPa at 48 h to 1.1 MPa in 96 h) with an oscillatory pattern. S. aureus exhibited a decrease in stiffness over time, with values of 0.9 MPa at 48 h and 0.4 MPa at 96 h. Additionally, cell surface hydrophobicity increased in both species during biofilm development, indicating enhanced water repellency. SEM imaging further revealed distinctive matrix structures in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms, facilitating the intercellular interactions. This study brings forth new angles for developing targeted, species-specific approaches to address biofilm challenges.