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Abstract <p>This work shows the relationship among the maximum respiratory activity, cell aggregation and expression levels of <i>spoIIA</i> and <i>cry1Ac</i> genes of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> cultivated under conditions of solid-state fermentation (SSF), with polyurethane foam (PUF) as an inert support, and submerged fermentation (SmF). Respiratory activity was compared under three medium concentrations (1×, 2× and 4× under both SSF or SmF). Cell aggregation and gene expression levels were measured in 1× and 4× media. In medium 1× the respiratory activity was similar for both systems, but the cell aggregation was higher in SmF, as well as expression of the <i>spoIIA</i> (12-fold) and <i>cry1Ac</i> (4-fold) genes. Nonetheless in SmF at 4×, respiratory activity was inhibited, aggregation was absent, and the gene expression levels were the lowest observed. In contrast, in 4× SSF, cell aggregation, respiratory activity and expression levels of <i>spoIIA</i> (9-fold) and <i>cry1Ac</i> (1.6-fold) genes were all higher. In addition, two different cell populations were identified by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, however the differences among cell populations in 4× SSF aided synchronization among molecular events (maximum respiratory activity, high gene expression levels and cell aggregation) to trigger sporulation in <i>B. thuringiensis</i>. This work is the first to reveal the relationship between synchronization of molecular events during <i>B. thuringiensis</i> respiratory activity in SSF and SmF using high-concentration media as a stress agent that induces the capability for sporulation.</p>

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The Sporulation Process of Bacillus thuringiensis as an Adaptive Response in Different Culture Systems: Analysis of the Respiratory Activity, spoIIA/cry1Ac Expression and Cell Aggregation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月15日

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  • J. Lima-Pérez,
  • M. López-Pérez,
  • D. G. Pérez-Solís,
  • J. G. Rocha-Estrada,
  • G. Viniegra-González,
  • O. Loera

摘要

Abstract

This work shows the relationship among the maximum respiratory activity, cell aggregation and expression levels of spoIIA and cry1Ac genes of Bacillus thuringiensis cultivated under conditions of solid-state fermentation (SSF), with polyurethane foam (PUF) as an inert support, and submerged fermentation (SmF). Respiratory activity was compared under three medium concentrations (1×, 2× and 4× under both SSF or SmF). Cell aggregation and gene expression levels were measured in 1× and 4× media. In medium 1× the respiratory activity was similar for both systems, but the cell aggregation was higher in SmF, as well as expression of the spoIIA (12-fold) and cry1Ac (4-fold) genes. Nonetheless in SmF at 4×, respiratory activity was inhibited, aggregation was absent, and the gene expression levels were the lowest observed. In contrast, in 4× SSF, cell aggregation, respiratory activity and expression levels of spoIIA (9-fold) and cry1Ac (1.6-fold) genes were all higher. In addition, two different cell populations were identified by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, however the differences among cell populations in 4× SSF aided synchronization among molecular events (maximum respiratory activity, high gene expression levels and cell aggregation) to trigger sporulation in B. thuringiensis. This work is the first to reveal the relationship between synchronization of molecular events during B. thuringiensis respiratory activity in SSF and SmF using high-concentration media as a stress agent that induces the capability for sporulation.