Abstract <p>In this study, the axial vibration analysis of short-fiber-reinforced nanorods is conducted using a newly developed higher-order elasticity theory that incorporates a strengthening effect due to scale effects. First, the problem is defined by deriving the equations of motion for the randomly short-fiber-reinforced nanorod. Then, the Fourier sine series of the displacement function is chosen to solve the problem, problem and the higher-order derivatives of the series are obtained using Stokes’ transformation. Finally, by including boundary conditions in the problem, the most general solution is derived in which the frequencies of the randomly short-fiber-reinforced nanorod can be obtained under elastic boundary conditions. The results are presented in tables and figures.</p>