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Abstract <p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural antibiotics widelyused by invertebrates, particularly insects, to maintain microbialhomeostasis. While the fat body is considered the primary producerof AMPs in insects, hemocytes have also been shown to contributeto their production during the immune response. Traditionally, AMPsynthesis in insects is viewed as an inducible process requiringantigenic stimulation. However, long-term studies of the insecthumoral immunity conducted in our laboratory have consistently revealedbaseline antibacterial activity in the plasma of intact blowflylarvae. In this study, we investigated the nature of this phenomenonand evaluated the contribution of hemocytes to the baseline antimicrobialstatus of the hemolymph using histolysocytes of <i>Calliphora vicina</i> larvae as a model.Transcriptome analysis revealed the presence of mRNAs for defensins,cecropins, and diptericins, confirming the constitutive expressionof AMP genes in these cells. Biochemical analysis of cell lysates, combinedwith the profiling of antibacterial activity fractions, confirmedthe presence of mature antimicrobial peptides, pointing to a processof constitutive synthesis and accumulation. This pre-existing pool ofimmune effectors likely enables an immediate local response priorto the systemic activation of the fat body.</p>

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Constitutive Synthesis of Antimicrobial Peptides in Hemocytes of Calliphora vicina R.-D. (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月21日

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  • A. Y. Yakovlev,
  • A. A. Kruglikova,
  • D. V. Tulin,
  • D. E. Polev

摘要

Abstract

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural antibiotics widelyused by invertebrates, particularly insects, to maintain microbialhomeostasis. While the fat body is considered the primary producerof AMPs in insects, hemocytes have also been shown to contributeto their production during the immune response. Traditionally, AMPsynthesis in insects is viewed as an inducible process requiringantigenic stimulation. However, long-term studies of the insecthumoral immunity conducted in our laboratory have consistently revealedbaseline antibacterial activity in the plasma of intact blowflylarvae. In this study, we investigated the nature of this phenomenonand evaluated the contribution of hemocytes to the baseline antimicrobialstatus of the hemolymph using histolysocytes of Calliphora vicina larvae as a model.Transcriptome analysis revealed the presence of mRNAs for defensins,cecropins, and diptericins, confirming the constitutive expressionof AMP genes in these cells. Biochemical analysis of cell lysates, combinedwith the profiling of antibacterial activity fractions, confirmedthe presence of mature antimicrobial peptides, pointing to a processof constitutive synthesis and accumulation. This pre-existing pool ofimmune effectors likely enables an immediate local response priorto the systemic activation of the fat body.