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Abstract <p>The efficiency and stability of cardiac muscle contractionand electrical activity in both health and disease largely dependon the complex interactions of cardiomyocytes with cells of theirmicroenvironment. This review systematizes current experimental andtheoretical data on the influence of the main types of non-musclecells (fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, and mast cells) onthe electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes and theirmechanical activity. A special focus is on different modes of influencemicroenvironmental cells can exert on cardiomyocytes. Experimentaldata show that fibroblasts and macrophages exert both direct electrotonicand mechanical effects on cardiomyocytes, as well as indirect effectsthrough the secretion of a wide range of biologically active substances,specifically, various immune factors. In turn, intracardiac adipocytesand mast cells influence cardiomyocytes through paracrine secretion,leading to changes in their functional state. The effects of suchintercellular communication can be both positive and negative (e.g.,proarrhythmic, causing contractile dysfunction). Modern detailedmathematical models describing cell functions serve as a uniquetool for analyzing the multifactorial cross-talk between cardiomyocytesand their microenvironmental cells, as well as its impact on cardiacelectromechanics in health and disease. Here, we systematize mathematicalmodels describing the effects of these interactions.</p>

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Role of the Cardiomyocyte Microenvironment in Regulating Cardiac Muscle Function in Health and Disease: Experiment and Mathematical Modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月21日

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  • N. A. Balakina-Vikulova,
  • L. B. Katsnelson,
  • O. E. Solovyova

摘要

Abstract

The efficiency and stability of cardiac muscle contractionand electrical activity in both health and disease largely dependon the complex interactions of cardiomyocytes with cells of theirmicroenvironment. This review systematizes current experimental andtheoretical data on the influence of the main types of non-musclecells (fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, and mast cells) onthe electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes and theirmechanical activity. A special focus is on different modes of influencemicroenvironmental cells can exert on cardiomyocytes. Experimentaldata show that fibroblasts and macrophages exert both direct electrotonicand mechanical effects on cardiomyocytes, as well as indirect effectsthrough the secretion of a wide range of biologically active substances,specifically, various immune factors. In turn, intracardiac adipocytesand mast cells influence cardiomyocytes through paracrine secretion,leading to changes in their functional state. The effects of suchintercellular communication can be both positive and negative (e.g.,proarrhythmic, causing contractile dysfunction). Modern detailedmathematical models describing cell functions serve as a uniquetool for analyzing the multifactorial cross-talk between cardiomyocytesand their microenvironmental cells, as well as its impact on cardiacelectromechanics in health and disease. Here, we systematize mathematicalmodels describing the effects of these interactions.