Abstract <p>The review analyzes the evolution of ideas about the morphofunctionalorganization of hippocampal mossy fibers, tracing the transitionfrom classic descriptions of a static structure to the modern conceptof a highly dynamic plastic system. The work systematizes recentadvances demonstrating the key role of mossy fibers in providingsynaptic plasticity, pattern separation, and associative memory.A special focus is on the integration of new data on synapse nanoarchitecture,molecular specialization, and regulatory mechanisms, which allowsa revision of traditional views on the functioning of hippocampal networksand their role in cognitive processes.</p>