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Abstract <p>The article presents an analysis of postural and muscularsynergies involved in the implementation of motor tasks to maintainthe balanced position of an object in the hand while walking. Duringmovement, electromyograms of the superficial muscles of the upperextremities were recorded and video recordings of body segment movementswere performed. Synergy parameters were extracted from the recorded signalsusing factor analysis and the principal component methods. The assumptionabout the orientation of muscle synergies to stabilize the trajectoriesof the upper limb segments, which are important for the successfulimplementation of a motor task, was tested. A general postural synergyhas been established that is used for various motor tasks, as wellas higher-order synergies that fine-tune posture during movement.Four muscle synergies involved in controlling the movements of theupper extremity have been identified, two of which are the mainones. They are associated with compensation for balance disorderscaused by the moments of placing the foot on the support, activeextension of the lower limb in the knee and ankle joints. The spatialorganization of muscle synergies shows individual strategies forusing muscles in their structure, despite the fact that the samemoments act as disturbing factors acting on the stabilizing system.Muscle synergies are activated at the moments of the greatest disturbingeffect on postural stability and are aimed at stabilizing articularangles and trajectories of movements of the segments of the upperextremity.</p>

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The Upper Extremity’s Postural Synergies, Ensuring the Motor Task Realization of Keeping the Balanced Position of the Object in the Hand

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • S. A. Moiseev

摘要

Abstract

The article presents an analysis of postural and muscularsynergies involved in the implementation of motor tasks to maintainthe balanced position of an object in the hand while walking. Duringmovement, electromyograms of the superficial muscles of the upperextremities were recorded and video recordings of body segment movementswere performed. Synergy parameters were extracted from the recorded signalsusing factor analysis and the principal component methods. The assumptionabout the orientation of muscle synergies to stabilize the trajectoriesof the upper limb segments, which are important for the successfulimplementation of a motor task, was tested. A general postural synergyhas been established that is used for various motor tasks, as wellas higher-order synergies that fine-tune posture during movement.Four muscle synergies involved in controlling the movements of theupper extremity have been identified, two of which are the mainones. They are associated with compensation for balance disorderscaused by the moments of placing the foot on the support, activeextension of the lower limb in the knee and ankle joints. The spatialorganization of muscle synergies shows individual strategies forusing muscles in their structure, despite the fact that the samemoments act as disturbing factors acting on the stabilizing system.Muscle synergies are activated at the moments of the greatest disturbingeffect on postural stability and are aimed at stabilizing articularangles and trajectories of movements of the segments of the upperextremity.