Abstract <p>The event-related potentials mismatch negativity (MMN) andP300 in the odd ball paradigm (standard and deviant stimuli presentation)reflect the stages of error detection and prediction correction signalin the processes of predictive coding. Changes in these componentsare a transdiagnostic indicator of disturbances in these processes,which may be the cause of psychopathologic symptomatology. The studyincludes active (with attention directed to stimuli) and ignore(without attention to stimuli) conditions of the odd ball paradigmwith auditory stimulation, which complements existing data on componentcharacteristics. The study also included psychological testing toassess the level of self-control, impulsivity, and anxiety, andtheir relationship to neurophysiologic measures of predictive coding.Individuals with personality disorders (<i>n</i> =11) and schizophrenia (<i>n</i> =11) were examined in comparison with a mental health group (<i>n</i> = 11). A decrease in the amplitudeof the MMN in persons with schizophrenia in the active condition,and a decrease in the amplitude of the P300 in both groups wererevealed. The MMN amplitude focus in the control group in the activecondition is in the vertex area, in the ignore condition—in thefrontal area. In individuals with personality disorders and schizophreniaa shift of the focus is noted. In the active condition, two P300focuses were detected—in parietal and frontal areas, while in theignore condition the focus in parietal area was retained only inthe control group. Amplitudes in the control group were relatedto self-control, in individuals with personality disorders latentperiods were related to self-control/impulsivity, and in individualswith schizophrenia a relationship of social self-control with thelatent period of the P300 was revealed. The results complement theunderstanding of the brain mechanisms of the predictive coding inrelation to attention and its impairment in psychiatric disorders.</p>