Role of Transcription Factor NF-κB in Neuroimmunoendocrine Mechanisms of Respiratory Diseases

One of the current challenges of biomedicine is to elucidatethe multicomponent and multilevel mechanism of integrated neuroimmunoendocrineregulation of physiological functions. Respiratory diseases areleading in the structure of general morbidity among the populationand remain one of the most relevant problems of modern healthcare.Numerous risk factors can contribute to the development of suchpulmonary pathologies as pneumonia, lung cancer, asthma, chronicobstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome,pulmonary fibrosis and others, whose incidence tends to increaseannually. In this regard, signaling molecules, which are involvedin neuroimmunoendocrine respiratory regulation and can be consideredas both prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets,are coming into focus of modern translational biomedicine. Thisreview addresses the role of one of the key actors in the neuroimmunoendocrineregulation of homeostasis, a ubiquitous transcription factor NF-κB,in the regulation of respiratory function in health and during thepathogenesis of lung diseases. There is ample evidence that manypulmonary pathologies, resulting from ongoing inflammatory processes,are associated with NF-κB activation. A comprehensive investigationof the mechanisms underlying NF-κB activation and its relationshipwith other signaling pathways will contribute to solving the maintask of translational biomedicine, the development of innovative approachesto prevention and personalized targeted therapies for human sociallysignificant pathologies, including respiratory diseases.