<p>Differential measurements of the fundamental constant <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu = {{m}_{e}}{\text{/}}{{m}_{p}}\)</EquationSource> <!--JETPLet2560866Vorotyntseva-m1--> </InlineEquation> (the electron-to-proton mass ratio) for two sources near the Galactic Center—the Sgr B2(N) and B2(M) molecular clouds—suggest that <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu \)</EquationSource> <!--JETPLet2560866Vorotyntseva-m2--> </InlineEquation> is lower in these clouds than its laboratory value. Based on observations of methanol (CH<sub>3</sub>OH) emission lines in the 80–112 GHz range (data from the IRAM 30-m telescope), a weighted mean value <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\langle \Delta \mu {\text{/}}\mu \rangle \)</EquationSource> <!--JETPLet2560866Vorotyntseva-m3--> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \equiv \)</EquationSource> <!--JETPLet2560866Vorotyntseva-m4--> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\langle ({{\mu }_{{{\text{obs}}}}} - {{\mu }_{{{\text{lab}}}}}){\text{/}}{{\mu }_{{{\text{lab}}}}}\rangle = ( - 2.1 \pm 0.6) \times {{10}^{{ - 7}}}\)</EquationSource> <!--JETPLet2560866Vorotyntseva-m5--> </InlineEquation> (<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1\sigma \)</EquationSource> <!--JETPLet2560866Vorotyntseva-m6--> </InlineEquation>) was obtained for Sgr B2(N) at the sample size <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n = 9\)</EquationSource> <!--JETPLet2560866Vorotyntseva-m7--> </InlineEquation>. This value of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta \mu {\text{/}}\mu \)</EquationSource> <!--JETPLet2560866Vorotyntseva-m8--> </InlineEquation> has the same sign as the result of recent measurements of methanol lines in the higher frequency range of 542–543 GHz (data from the Herschel space telescope) for Sgr B2(N): <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\langle \Delta \mu {\text{/}}\mu \rangle = ( - 4.2 \pm 0.7) \times {{10}^{{ - 7}}}\)</EquationSource> <!--JETPLet2560866Vorotyntseva-m9--> </InlineEquation> (sample size <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n = 2\)</EquationSource> <!--JETPLet2560866Vorotyntseva-m10--> </InlineEquation>).</p>

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Indications of Electron-to-Proton Mass Ratio Variations in the Galaxy. II. 3 mm Methanol Lines Toward Sgr B2(N) and (M)

  • J. S. Vorotyntseva,
  • S. A. Levshakov,
  • C. Henkel

摘要

Differential measurements of the fundamental constant \(\mu = {{m}_{e}}{\text{/}}{{m}_{p}}\) (the electron-to-proton mass ratio) for two sources near the Galactic Center—the Sgr B2(N) and B2(M) molecular clouds—suggest that \(\mu \) is lower in these clouds than its laboratory value. Based on observations of methanol (CH3OH) emission lines in the 80–112 GHz range (data from the IRAM 30-m telescope), a weighted mean value \(\langle \Delta \mu {\text{/}}\mu \rangle \) \( \equiv \) \(\langle ({{\mu }_{{{\text{obs}}}}} - {{\mu }_{{{\text{lab}}}}}){\text{/}}{{\mu }_{{{\text{lab}}}}}\rangle = ( - 2.1 \pm 0.6) \times {{10}^{{ - 7}}}\) ( \(1\sigma \) ) was obtained for Sgr B2(N) at the sample size \(n = 9\) . This value of \(\Delta \mu {\text{/}}\mu \) has the same sign as the result of recent measurements of methanol lines in the higher frequency range of 542–543 GHz (data from the Herschel space telescope) for Sgr B2(N): \(\langle \Delta \mu {\text{/}}\mu \rangle = ( - 4.2 \pm 0.7) \times {{10}^{{ - 7}}}\) (sample size \(n = 2\) ).