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Abstract <p>Bulk ceramic nitrides (TiN, ZrN, HfN) were synthesized via direct high-temperature nitridation of metal preforms using localized resistive heating. The phase composition, density, microstructure, and high-temperature transport properties of the resulting ceramics were comprehensively investigated. The method yielded single-phase materials, with ZrN achieving near-theoretical density. The thermal conductivity was found to be highly microstructure-sensitive: fully dense ZrN exhibited the highest value of 18.5 W m<sup>–1</sup> K<sup>–1</sup>, while the presence of porosity and microcracks in TiN and HfN substantially reduced their heat transfer capability. The specific heat capacity increased with temperature for all nitrides, and thermo-EMF measurements confirmed n-type conduction. This study establishes direct nitridation as an efficient single-step route for producing dense refractory ceramics and elucidates the critical link between synthesis-induced microstructure and thermophysical performance. The measured thermoelectric properties and stability suggest the potential of these nitride ceramics for high-temperature sensing applications.</p>

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Direct Nitridation of Ti, Zr, and Hf Metals via Resistive Heating: Phase Formation and High-Temperature Transport Properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月1日

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  • T. Yu. Kolomiets,
  • I. A. Kovalev,
  • G. P. Kochanov,
  • A. A. Ashmarin,
  • L. O. L’vov,
  • A. A. Konovalov,
  • A. F. Popovich,
  • A. S. Chernyavskii,
  • K. A. Solntsev

摘要

Abstract

Bulk ceramic nitrides (TiN, ZrN, HfN) were synthesized via direct high-temperature nitridation of metal preforms using localized resistive heating. The phase composition, density, microstructure, and high-temperature transport properties of the resulting ceramics were comprehensively investigated. The method yielded single-phase materials, with ZrN achieving near-theoretical density. The thermal conductivity was found to be highly microstructure-sensitive: fully dense ZrN exhibited the highest value of 18.5 W m–1 K–1, while the presence of porosity and microcracks in TiN and HfN substantially reduced their heat transfer capability. The specific heat capacity increased with temperature for all nitrides, and thermo-EMF measurements confirmed n-type conduction. This study establishes direct nitridation as an efficient single-step route for producing dense refractory ceramics and elucidates the critical link between synthesis-induced microstructure and thermophysical performance. The measured thermoelectric properties and stability suggest the potential of these nitride ceramics for high-temperature sensing applications.