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Abstract <p>UV-visible spectrophotometry is one of the methods that is widely used in pharmaceutical analysis. Difficulties that arise when analyzing systems containing components with overlapping absorption spectra can be overcome by differentiating the spectral data. In accordance with the principles of “green” analytical chemistry, the use of derivative spectrophotometry (DSP) in routine analysis is environmentally safer and more cost-effective than chromatography. This paper presents the results of assessing the possibility of determining papaverine hydrochloride (PPH) and dibazole (bendazole hydrochloride, BDH) without preliminary separation by the first-order DSP method at the “zero-crossing.” The zero-order absorption spectra of hydrochloric acid solutions of PPH and BDH and their first derivatives were studied, as obtained using spectrophotometer software when scanning through 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 nm and differentiation (Δλ) from 1 to 80&#xa0;nm. The influence of Δλ on the shape, d<i>A</i>/dλ values, the position of extrema, and zero-crossing with the wavelength axis of the derivative spectra has been established. The optimal differentiation parameters were determined for analysis of binary mixture: scanning the absorption spectrum through 0.2 nm, Δλ = 2 nm, and the scaling factor = 100. The analytical wavelengths at which the concentrations of components are directly proportional to the Δλ value were 247.2 and 212.6 nm for PPH and BDH, respectively. The method was tested on model solutions; the accuracy of determination varied from 97 to 105% for BDH and from 96 to 103% for PPH. A simple and easily implemented method for determining PPH and BDH in one unit of dosage form has been developed, with which Papazol tablets from two domestic manufacturers were analyzed. The relative standard deviation of the analysis results does not exceed 0.04. Checking the correctness of the methodology, as carried out using the Vierordt method, confirmed the absence of systematic error.</p>

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Determination of Papaverine Hydrochloride and Dibazole in Their Combined Presence by Derivative Spectrophotometry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月1日

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  • N. B. Shestopalova

摘要

Abstract

UV-visible spectrophotometry is one of the methods that is widely used in pharmaceutical analysis. Difficulties that arise when analyzing systems containing components with overlapping absorption spectra can be overcome by differentiating the spectral data. In accordance with the principles of “green” analytical chemistry, the use of derivative spectrophotometry (DSP) in routine analysis is environmentally safer and more cost-effective than chromatography. This paper presents the results of assessing the possibility of determining papaverine hydrochloride (PPH) and dibazole (bendazole hydrochloride, BDH) without preliminary separation by the first-order DSP method at the “zero-crossing.” The zero-order absorption spectra of hydrochloric acid solutions of PPH and BDH and their first derivatives were studied, as obtained using spectrophotometer software when scanning through 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 nm and differentiation (Δλ) from 1 to 80 nm. The influence of Δλ on the shape, dA/dλ values, the position of extrema, and zero-crossing with the wavelength axis of the derivative spectra has been established. The optimal differentiation parameters were determined for analysis of binary mixture: scanning the absorption spectrum through 0.2 nm, Δλ = 2 nm, and the scaling factor = 100. The analytical wavelengths at which the concentrations of components are directly proportional to the Δλ value were 247.2 and 212.6 nm for PPH and BDH, respectively. The method was tested on model solutions; the accuracy of determination varied from 97 to 105% for BDH and from 96 to 103% for PPH. A simple and easily implemented method for determining PPH and BDH in one unit of dosage form has been developed, with which Papazol tablets from two domestic manufacturers were analyzed. The relative standard deviation of the analysis results does not exceed 0.04. Checking the correctness of the methodology, as carried out using the Vierordt method, confirmed the absence of systematic error.