Study of the Structural, Conductivity and Mobility Mechanism on the Incorporation of Zr4+ Ions in Lithium Titanium Phosphate Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
摘要
The research, focuses on synthesized and characterized electrolytes containing lithium oxide integrated with Zr4+, following a base formula of Li[Ti1 – xZrx]O (where x varies at 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15), and incorporated lithium with Zr4+ ions using the formula LiTi1 – xMxO2 – δ (M = Zr) via a straightforward and cost-effective co-precipitation method. All the produced samples perfectly aligned with the rhombohedral structure and exhibited good crystallinity, which was confirmed through XRD analysis. Having an ionic radii for Li3+ as 0.76 Å and Ti3+ to be as 0.60 Å are moderately comparable to that of Zr4+(0.72 Å). Additionally, alterations in the structure were explored using Raman spectroscopy. The recorded measurements, spanning a spectral range from 50 to 1000 cm–1, provide an extensive overview of the vibrational properties of these materials. The study employs SEM and EDAX to conduct a thorough examination of the morphology and elemental makeup of LiO2 electrolyte samples doped with different amounts of Zr4+ ions. The EDAX spectra verify the presence of Li, Ti, Zr, and (PO4)3 elements, confirming the doping process and validating the accuracy of the sample preparation. The allowance of individual grains along with grain boundaries to the overall conductivity was investigated using a.c. impedance spectroscopy, carried out across a low temperature range proving the synthesized material to be well suited as an electrolyte for e-vehicles/energy storage devices.