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Abstract <p>We report, here, the warming of the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) region over the equatorial region in the Indian subcontinent during the geomagnetic superstorm of May 10–11, 2024 (Dst ~ –412 nT and SYM-H ~ –518 nT) using Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperature measurements. A comparative study of vertical temperature profiles between 90 and 110 km on 11 May with that of control profile and 09 May (a neighbouring quiet day) reveals an increase in temperature beyond 96 ± 2 km over 15° S–15° N. We found this warming to increase with increasing height, and the temperature enhancement exceeded ~30–45 K near 108–109 km. Slight lowering of the mesopause altitude was noted. An extension of this comparative study over higher latitude bins showed similar warming of the MLT region. Supported with existing reports on auroral observations during this superstorm and expansion of auroral oval, the warming in latitudes greater than 30° appears to a direct consequence of Joule and auroral heating; whereas, the warming within ±30° latitude could be a manifestation of the superstorm-induced changes in global wind circulation and associated redistribution of deposited energy.</p>

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Warming of the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere over the Equatorial Region during the Geomagnetic Superstorm of 10–11 May 2024 and Its Teleconnection with the Polar Region-Auroral Oval

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Navin Parihar,
  • Govind Narayanan Kunnath,
  • Anand Kumar Singh,
  • Rahul Rawat,
  • Shailendra Saini,
  • Prasant Kumar Tiwari,
  • Ashok Priyadarshan Dimri

摘要

Abstract

We report, here, the warming of the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) region over the equatorial region in the Indian subcontinent during the geomagnetic superstorm of May 10–11, 2024 (Dst ~ –412 nT and SYM-H ~ –518 nT) using Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperature measurements. A comparative study of vertical temperature profiles between 90 and 110 km on 11 May with that of control profile and 09 May (a neighbouring quiet day) reveals an increase in temperature beyond 96 ± 2 km over 15° S–15° N. We found this warming to increase with increasing height, and the temperature enhancement exceeded ~30–45 K near 108–109 km. Slight lowering of the mesopause altitude was noted. An extension of this comparative study over higher latitude bins showed similar warming of the MLT region. Supported with existing reports on auroral observations during this superstorm and expansion of auroral oval, the warming in latitudes greater than 30° appears to a direct consequence of Joule and auroral heating; whereas, the warming within ±30° latitude could be a manifestation of the superstorm-induced changes in global wind circulation and associated redistribution of deposited energy.