Trigger Effects of Space Weather Impact on Earth Tectonics and Their Impact on Climate

The subject of this study is the effect of space weather on the processes of interaction between Earth’s lithosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere. Evidence is provided that solar flares in the short-wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum destabilize of the electric field between the ionosphere and upper lithosphere, leading in some cases to the triggering of powerful volcanic and seismic phenomena during periods of high solar activity. Conversely, an increased background flux of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) during low solar activity leads to a decrease in the critical level of stresses preceding powerful tectonic events and contributes to an increase in their frequency. The studied interactions influence the formation processes and dynamics of aerosols, which in turn influence cloud formation and climate change.