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Abstract <p>Peatlands are recognized as one of the most critical ecosystems for long-term carbon sequestration, although they cover approximately 3% of the Earth’s surface. However, the drainage and peat extraction significantly disrupt the carbon balance of peatlands. Specifically, the drainage network, an integral component of drained peatlands, contributes substantially to greenhouse gas emissions and lateral carbon transport. In eutrophic peatlands, the drainage system also serves as a source of nutrients for receiving water bodies. To predict changes in the carbon balance, to develop effective reclamation efforts, and to implement climate-related projects, it is essential to understand the processes governing the chemical composition of drainage waters. In this study, we examined the chemical composition of drainage water in the eutrophic Tarmanskoe Peatland (West Siberia) using historical and contemporary data. Seasonal dynamics of dissolved carbon and fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) to the atmosphere were analyzed for 2024. Obtained results have revealed an increasing role of evaporation in the formation of water composition since launching the drainage system. This trend is expressed in an increase in chloride and sodium ion ratios, along with shifts in the water–rock equilibrium from kaolinite towards montmorillonite and carbonates. The equilibria in the carbonate system and the ratios of major ions indicate that carbon redistribution occurs through the dissolution and precipitation of carbonates during the drainage system’s operation. Seasonal dynamics of dissolved carbon and carbon-bearing greenhouse gas fluxes revealed distinct patterns. In summer, CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes from water surface of the drainage ditches increased, while CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the pond decreased due to the activity of photosynthetic organisms. Notably, a dry drainage ditch exhibited unique dynamics: summer CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes from its oversaturated bottom sediments decreased more than fivefold, and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes remained near zero, comparable to spring levels. Meanwhile, both CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> are accumulated in the pore waters in dissolved forms. The results emphasize the importance of studying the carbon biogeochemistry in waterlogged soils and bottom sediments and the factors driving CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> accumulation in pore waters. These findings provide critical insights for developing novel approaches to the reclamation and implementation of climate-related projects for drained peatlands.</p>

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Carbon Behavior and Formation of Water Chemical Composition in the Drainage System of the Drained Eutrophic Peatland

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月1日

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  • E. A. Soldatova,
  • V. N. Kolotygina,
  • L. A. Krivenok,
  • V. Ivanov,
  • E. S. Krestyannikova,
  • T. V. Skorospekhova

摘要

Abstract

Peatlands are recognized as one of the most critical ecosystems for long-term carbon sequestration, although they cover approximately 3% of the Earth’s surface. However, the drainage and peat extraction significantly disrupt the carbon balance of peatlands. Specifically, the drainage network, an integral component of drained peatlands, contributes substantially to greenhouse gas emissions and lateral carbon transport. In eutrophic peatlands, the drainage system also serves as a source of nutrients for receiving water bodies. To predict changes in the carbon balance, to develop effective reclamation efforts, and to implement climate-related projects, it is essential to understand the processes governing the chemical composition of drainage waters. In this study, we examined the chemical composition of drainage water in the eutrophic Tarmanskoe Peatland (West Siberia) using historical and contemporary data. Seasonal dynamics of dissolved carbon and fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) to the atmosphere were analyzed for 2024. Obtained results have revealed an increasing role of evaporation in the formation of water composition since launching the drainage system. This trend is expressed in an increase in chloride and sodium ion ratios, along with shifts in the water–rock equilibrium from kaolinite towards montmorillonite and carbonates. The equilibria in the carbonate system and the ratios of major ions indicate that carbon redistribution occurs through the dissolution and precipitation of carbonates during the drainage system’s operation. Seasonal dynamics of dissolved carbon and carbon-bearing greenhouse gas fluxes revealed distinct patterns. In summer, CO2 and CH4 fluxes from water surface of the drainage ditches increased, while CO2 emissions from the pond decreased due to the activity of photosynthetic organisms. Notably, a dry drainage ditch exhibited unique dynamics: summer CO2 fluxes from its oversaturated bottom sediments decreased more than fivefold, and CH4 fluxes remained near zero, comparable to spring levels. Meanwhile, both CH4 and CO2 are accumulated in the pore waters in dissolved forms. The results emphasize the importance of studying the carbon biogeochemistry in waterlogged soils and bottom sediments and the factors driving CO2 and CH4 accumulation in pore waters. These findings provide critical insights for developing novel approaches to the reclamation and implementation of climate-related projects for drained peatlands.