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Abstract <p>In practical applications, droplets often collide with surfaces in an asymmetric (eccentric) manner rather than striking centrally, leading to complex impact dynamics that significantly affect the droplet behavior and contact time. However, most previous studies have primarily concentrated on symmetric (central) impacts, overlooking the nuances introduced by eccentric collisions. To address this gap, this study employs a three-dimensional pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to investigate the dynamics of droplets impacting superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) adorned with a&#xa0;single cubic protrusion under eccentric collision conditions. Here, the effects of the Weber number We, eccentricity, and the cubic protrusion size on the droplet contact time and rebound dynamics are systematically explored. Several distinct rebound modes, including off-center toroidal rebounds and horseshoe-shaped rebounds, driven by asymmetric momentum redistribution, are identified. The&#xa0;results show that under strong eccentricity, the droplet achieves rapid detachment via a slanted rebound mode that bypasses liquid ring formation, resulting in a reduction in the contact time up to 65.05% as compared to flat SHS. The findings further reveal that the coupling of lateral sliding and vertical retraction enhances energy conversion efficiency and accelerates rebound. The study provides new physical insights into the mechanisms of contact time reduction and offers practical design guidelines for engineered surfaces with superior liquid repellency.</p>

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Contact Time Reduction through Droplet Horseshoe-Shaped Rebound on Superhydrophobic Surfaces with a Cubic Structure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • Z. Z. Min,
  • T. X. Chen,
  • Y. H. Shang,
  • D. Li

摘要

Abstract

In practical applications, droplets often collide with surfaces in an asymmetric (eccentric) manner rather than striking centrally, leading to complex impact dynamics that significantly affect the droplet behavior and contact time. However, most previous studies have primarily concentrated on symmetric (central) impacts, overlooking the nuances introduced by eccentric collisions. To address this gap, this study employs a three-dimensional pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to investigate the dynamics of droplets impacting superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) adorned with a single cubic protrusion under eccentric collision conditions. Here, the effects of the Weber number We, eccentricity, and the cubic protrusion size on the droplet contact time and rebound dynamics are systematically explored. Several distinct rebound modes, including off-center toroidal rebounds and horseshoe-shaped rebounds, driven by asymmetric momentum redistribution, are identified. The results show that under strong eccentricity, the droplet achieves rapid detachment via a slanted rebound mode that bypasses liquid ring formation, resulting in a reduction in the contact time up to 65.05% as compared to flat SHS. The findings further reveal that the coupling of lateral sliding and vertical retraction enhances energy conversion efficiency and accelerates rebound. The study provides new physical insights into the mechanisms of contact time reduction and offers practical design guidelines for engineered surfaces with superior liquid repellency.