Abstract <p>The tasks of radiative and radiative-conductive heat exchange in one form or another always accompany the creation of rocket and space structures. This is due to the widespread use of nonmetallic structural materials, which, as a rule, exhibit the property of partial transparency with respect to radiation, as well as the prevalence of heat exchange conditions in structures with a determining or prevailing effect of radiation. In the simplest formulations of such problems, the partial transparency of the material with respect to radiation from external sources and the relationship between radiation fields and temperature in the heated object are usually not taken into account. Nevertheless, their solution has practical significance in pulsed modes of radiation flux exposure; in calculations of the temperature state of structures made of materials that do not allow high-temperature heating; in approximate estimates of the temperature state, etc. In more complex cases, it is possible to take into account the relationship between radiation and temperature fields, the structural structure of the medium, the nonstationarity of heating conditions, physical and chemical transformations, etc. In this case, the efficiency of calculation algorithms, and the adequacy of the models used in relation to real processes, as well as the reliability of data on the optical and physical properties of the medium and the conditions of thermal exposure come to the fore. This article examines some applied problems of radiation and radiation-conductive heat exchange.</p>