Resistance of the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) to Insecticides in Russia in the 21st Century
摘要
Long-term (since 1998) monitoring of the Colorado potato beetle sensitivity to insecticides in the Northwestern, Volga-Vyatka, Central Black Earth, and North Caucasus regions of Russia has revealed widespread resistance to insecticide formulations from different chemical classes. In particular, the pest actively developed resistance to neonicotinoids (Actara, Confidor, Biskaya) and the phenylpyrazole Regent that were previously used against the populations resistant to pyrethroids (Sumi Alpha, Decis, Cymbush, Karate) and organophosphates (Actellic, Dursban). As a result, multiple resistance was developed in the early 2020s in most of the Colorado potato beetle populations not only in European Russia, but also in Novosibirsk Province. The insecticide-resistant populations of the pest can be effectively controlled within integrated crop protection systems that are based on a set of organizational and economic measures and on cultivation of resistant potato varieties. These measures reduce the pest density during its overwintering or during the potato growing season. Insecticides are used when the pest density exceeds the economic injury level, with chemical formulations (Spintor, diamides, Vertento, Voliam Flexi, Movento Energy, Sparring, etc.) alternating with microbiological ones (bitoxibacillin BTB, etc.). Each insecticide should be used only once per season to delay the development of specific resistance. Important elements of integrated protection systems are regular monitoring of pest resistance to the insecticides used and timely exclusion of the control measures that start to lose efficiency. This approach helps to overcome or slow down the development of resistance in pest populations, thus prolonging the practical use of insecticides.