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Abstract <p>The growing demand for nickel and cobalt in energy storage technologies, coupled with their potential release from industrial and electronic waste, poses a significant environmental challenge that calls for the development of efficient, low-cost disposal strategies. In this context, the reuse of agro-industrial waste as adsorbents represents a sustainable alternative in line with the principles of the circular economy. In this work, the spent substrate of <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> growth on coffee pulp was studied as an adsorbent material for the removal of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) ions from water. Characterization of the spent mushroom substrate exhibited moisture, organic matter, and ash contents of 8.85, 81.80, and 9.35%, respectively. The iodine number was comparable to that obtained for a commercial activated carbon. X-ray diffraction showed an amorphous material, while scanning electron microscopy showed a scaly and fibrillar morphology. Zeta potential measurements showed that the spent substrate is negatively charged over almost the entire pH range from 2 to 12, with a point of zero charge at pH 2.7. The pH had no statistically significant effect on the adsorbed quantity; however, the adsorbent dosage and the initial concentration of metal ions did. Study of joint adsorption yielded conditions of 20 g L<sup>–1</sup> of adsorbent and 100 mg L<sup>–1</sup> of ions for maximal removal. These conditions were also optimal for the removal percentage, achieving 74.5 ± 0.7% for Ni(II) and 94.7 ± 2.7% for Co(II). The formation of M‒O bonds after the adsorption of the metal ions was verified by infrared spectroscopy, and the presence of the metals adsorbed on the substrate was demonstrated by EDS mapping. These results demonstrate that the spent substrate of <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> growth on coffee pulp is a promising, low-cost adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of Ni(II) and Co(II) from water. This approach contributes to waste recovery and offers great potential for large-scale applications in water treatment and resource recovery.</p>

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Spent Substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus Growth on Coffee Pulp as an Effective Adsorbent for the Removal of Nickel and Cobalt from Water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Juan C. Ferrer-Romero,
  • Natacha Sarmiento-Rodríguez,
  • Javier E. Vilasó-Cadre,
  • Yanetsis Piñó-Cuenca,
  • Alondra Ramírez-Rodríguez,
  • Humberto J. Morris-Quevedo,
  • Nora García-Oduardo,
  • Iván A. Reyes-Domínguez,
  • Lázaro A. González-Fernández,
  • Guillermo Alberto Moreno-Blanco

摘要

Abstract

The growing demand for nickel and cobalt in energy storage technologies, coupled with their potential release from industrial and electronic waste, poses a significant environmental challenge that calls for the development of efficient, low-cost disposal strategies. In this context, the reuse of agro-industrial waste as adsorbents represents a sustainable alternative in line with the principles of the circular economy. In this work, the spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus growth on coffee pulp was studied as an adsorbent material for the removal of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) ions from water. Characterization of the spent mushroom substrate exhibited moisture, organic matter, and ash contents of 8.85, 81.80, and 9.35%, respectively. The iodine number was comparable to that obtained for a commercial activated carbon. X-ray diffraction showed an amorphous material, while scanning electron microscopy showed a scaly and fibrillar morphology. Zeta potential measurements showed that the spent substrate is negatively charged over almost the entire pH range from 2 to 12, with a point of zero charge at pH 2.7. The pH had no statistically significant effect on the adsorbed quantity; however, the adsorbent dosage and the initial concentration of metal ions did. Study of joint adsorption yielded conditions of 20 g L–1 of adsorbent and 100 mg L–1 of ions for maximal removal. These conditions were also optimal for the removal percentage, achieving 74.5 ± 0.7% for Ni(II) and 94.7 ± 2.7% for Co(II). The formation of M‒O bonds after the adsorption of the metal ions was verified by infrared spectroscopy, and the presence of the metals adsorbed on the substrate was demonstrated by EDS mapping. These results demonstrate that the spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus growth on coffee pulp is a promising, low-cost adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of Ni(II) and Co(II) from water. This approach contributes to waste recovery and offers great potential for large-scale applications in water treatment and resource recovery.