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Abstract <p>The neutron radiation of the lunar surface under the influence of energetic charged particle flux from an intense solar proton event (SPE) is considered. Numerical estimates of the neutron flux and the corresponding neutron component of the radiation dose are made for the historic Carrington SPE, which can be considered as an example of the most intense SPE recorded in the modern period of solar activity observations. It is shown that the neutron component of the dose during the Carrington SPE was approximately 1000 times higher than the background value from the impact of Galactic cosmic rays on the lunar surface under quiet Sun conditions. The value of the total radiation dose on the lunar surface during the Carrington SPE was close to the limit values for humans in space.</p>

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Neutron Emission from the Moon during the Historic Carrington Solar Particle Event of September 1, 1859

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • I. G. Mitrofanov,
  • A. B. Sanin,
  • M. L. Litvak,
  • D. V. Golovin,
  • M. V. Djachkova,
  • A. A. Anikin,
  • N. V. Lukyanov

摘要

Abstract

The neutron radiation of the lunar surface under the influence of energetic charged particle flux from an intense solar proton event (SPE) is considered. Numerical estimates of the neutron flux and the corresponding neutron component of the radiation dose are made for the historic Carrington SPE, which can be considered as an example of the most intense SPE recorded in the modern period of solar activity observations. It is shown that the neutron component of the dose during the Carrington SPE was approximately 1000 times higher than the background value from the impact of Galactic cosmic rays on the lunar surface under quiet Sun conditions. The value of the total radiation dose on the lunar surface during the Carrington SPE was close to the limit values for humans in space.