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<p>Guanine quadruplexes are secondary nucleic acid structures present in the genomes of all eukaryotes, from yeast to mammals, where they play an important role in maintaining telomere integrity, creating TAD boundaries, and regulating transcription, alternative splicing, and translation. It was found that, contributing to the formation of a nucleosome-free region, guanine quadruplexes formed by two G-rich motifs inside the replication origin localized in the promoter of the <i>Gallus gallus</i> β<sup>A</sup>-globin gene are necessary for the initiation of replication. In our work, circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to study the structures and dynamic properties of guanine quadruplexes formed by the β<sup>A</sup>-globin promoter/origin sequence in vitro. The data obtained show that quadruplexes located on the same DNA fragment are formed cooperatively, influencing the structures of each other and the entire DNA fragment on which they are located. These data suggest that the structures of guanine quadruplexes may be determined by their genomic environment, and also help explain some of the properties of quadruplexes observed in vivo.</p>

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Structure and Cooperative Interactions between the Guanine Quadruplexes of the Promoter of Gallus gallus βA-Globin Gene

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • E. V. Marilovtseva,
  • D. O. Koshkina,
  • A. V. Feofanov,
  • V. M. Studitsky

摘要

Guanine quadruplexes are secondary nucleic acid structures present in the genomes of all eukaryotes, from yeast to mammals, where they play an important role in maintaining telomere integrity, creating TAD boundaries, and regulating transcription, alternative splicing, and translation. It was found that, contributing to the formation of a nucleosome-free region, guanine quadruplexes formed by two G-rich motifs inside the replication origin localized in the promoter of the Gallus gallus βA-globin gene are necessary for the initiation of replication. In our work, circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to study the structures and dynamic properties of guanine quadruplexes formed by the βA-globin promoter/origin sequence in vitro. The data obtained show that quadruplexes located on the same DNA fragment are formed cooperatively, influencing the structures of each other and the entire DNA fragment on which they are located. These data suggest that the structures of guanine quadruplexes may be determined by their genomic environment, and also help explain some of the properties of quadruplexes observed in vivo.