The Involvement of Carbonic Anhydrases in Chloroplasts of C3 Higher Plants in Adaptation Changes of Photosynthetic Reactions

Data are presented that indicate that when the vegetation conditions of plants change, the expression levels of genes encoding chloroplast carbonic anhydrases, as well as the carbonic anhydrase activity of chloroplast compartments, change. The results of experiments with mutants in the genes of chloroplast carbonic anhydrases indicate that the activity of chloroplast carbonic anhydrases determines the nature of changes in photosynthesis reactions in response to changes in environmental conditions. Possible mechanisms of carbonic anhydrase participation in the light-dependent processes in the chloroplast are proposed. Based on the results we obtained, a hypothesis has been proposed about the interrelated functioning of carbonic anhydrases in chloroplasts.