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Abstract <p>The innate immunity of plants is a dynamic, multilevel system traditionally divided into pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Despite being activated by different types of receptors localized in different cell compartments, PTI and ETI are currently considered interdependent components of a single defense system. This view suggests that, due to various positive interactions between these two pathways, the innate immunity of plants is more than the sum of PTI and&#xa0;ETI. Available data indicate that PTI and ETI enhance each other synergistically, increasing the concentration of signaling molecules, such as components of kinase cascades, reactive oxygen species, calcium ions, and phytohormones. This leads to the activation of defense genes, providing a local response to pathogens and the development of systemic plant resistance.</p>

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Plant Innate Immunity: Crosstalk of Signaling Pathways

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Boris I. Skulachev,
  • Anastasia K. Atabekova,
  • Alexander A. Lezzhov,
  • Andrey G. Solovyev

摘要

Abstract

The innate immunity of plants is a dynamic, multilevel system traditionally divided into pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Despite being activated by different types of receptors localized in different cell compartments, PTI and ETI are currently considered interdependent components of a single defense system. This view suggests that, due to various positive interactions between these two pathways, the innate immunity of plants is more than the sum of PTI and ETI. Available data indicate that PTI and ETI enhance each other synergistically, increasing the concentration of signaling molecules, such as components of kinase cascades, reactive oxygen species, calcium ions, and phytohormones. This leads to the activation of defense genes, providing a local response to pathogens and the development of systemic plant resistance.