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Abstract <p>This review presents the data on structural diversity of rhamnans in the cell walls and S-layers of Gram-positive (monoderm) bacteria – representatives of the phyla Bacillota (“Firmicutes”) and Actinomycetota (“Actinobacteria”). Diversity of the rhamnan structures is determined by configuration and alternation of the (1→2)- and (1→3)-glycosidic bonds in the polymer core, as well as by the presence and composition of side glycosyl and other substituents. Structural features of rhamnans in several bacterial groups are noted: presence of single glycerol phosphate units in the side chains of polymers in <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Lactococcus</i>, and <i>Ruminococcus</i> (<i>Mediterraneibacter</i>); presence of rhamnans with <span>l</span>- and <span>d</span>-isomers of rhamnose in actinobacteria; and complexes of rhamnans and teichoic acids or glycosyl 1-phosphate polymers (two-component heteropolysaccharides) in <i>Enterococcus</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i>. The review provides information on the structural features of rhamnans underlying serological classification of streptococci. The role of rhamnose and rhamnans in bacterial cell physiology (cell wall biogenesis and cell division, viability, adaptation to adverse conditions, antibiotic resistance), phage reception, adhesion, biofilm formation, and in the “bacterial–host” interaction (induction of inflammatory processes in tissues, immune system activation, and virulence manifestation) is discussed.</p>

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Rhamnans of Monoderm Bacterial Cell Walls: Structural Diversity and Functional Significance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月1日

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  • Natalia V. Potekhina,
  • Elena M. Tul’skaya,
  • Lyudmila I. Evtushenko

摘要

Abstract

This review presents the data on structural diversity of rhamnans in the cell walls and S-layers of Gram-positive (monoderm) bacteria – representatives of the phyla Bacillota (“Firmicutes”) and Actinomycetota (“Actinobacteria”). Diversity of the rhamnan structures is determined by configuration and alternation of the (1→2)- and (1→3)-glycosidic bonds in the polymer core, as well as by the presence and composition of side glycosyl and other substituents. Structural features of rhamnans in several bacterial groups are noted: presence of single glycerol phosphate units in the side chains of polymers in Streptococcus, Lactococcus, and Ruminococcus (Mediterraneibacter); presence of rhamnans with l- and d-isomers of rhamnose in actinobacteria; and complexes of rhamnans and teichoic acids or glycosyl 1-phosphate polymers (two-component heteropolysaccharides) in Enterococcus and Lactobacillus. The review provides information on the structural features of rhamnans underlying serological classification of streptococci. The role of rhamnose and rhamnans in bacterial cell physiology (cell wall biogenesis and cell division, viability, adaptation to adverse conditions, antibiotic resistance), phage reception, adhesion, biofilm formation, and in the “bacterial–host” interaction (induction of inflammatory processes in tissues, immune system activation, and virulence manifestation) is discussed.