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Abstract <p>Early preclinical diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies, Alzheimer’s disease,&#xa0;etc.) can be achieved through the detection of pathological amyloid aggregates in biological fluids. Protein amplification methods (PMCA, RT-QuIC) have become promising diagnostic tools by offering high sensitivity and specificity for detecting α-synuclein oligomers at the early disease stages and studying the fibril formation kinetics and mechanisms of amyloid aggregation. However, these methods have several significant limitations, as they are technically complex and time-consuming and lack standardized protocols, control samples, and substrates. Despite these challenges, protein amplification methods hold potential as the most productive, accessible, and standardizable diagnostic approaches in synucleinopathies. This review presents the results of bibliometric analysis of publications on the use of protein amplification methods in the diagnostics of synucleinopathies. We also provide a comparative analysis of common RT-QuIC protocols, with special focus on the method principles, approaches for its optimization, types of biological materials, key factors influencing the sensitivity and specificity of this technique, and areas for its improvement.</p>

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Diagnostics of Synucleinopathies by Protein Amplification Methods: Methodological and Bibliometric Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月1日

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  • Alexander A. Groshkov,
  • Nataliya A. Kolotyeva,
  • Pavel P. Tregub,
  • Victoria I. Zhdankina,
  • Yulia K. Komleva,
  • Alla B. Salmina,
  • Sergey N. Illarioshkin

摘要

Abstract

Early preclinical diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies, Alzheimer’s disease, etc.) can be achieved through the detection of pathological amyloid aggregates in biological fluids. Protein amplification methods (PMCA, RT-QuIC) have become promising diagnostic tools by offering high sensitivity and specificity for detecting α-synuclein oligomers at the early disease stages and studying the fibril formation kinetics and mechanisms of amyloid aggregation. However, these methods have several significant limitations, as they are technically complex and time-consuming and lack standardized protocols, control samples, and substrates. Despite these challenges, protein amplification methods hold potential as the most productive, accessible, and standardizable diagnostic approaches in synucleinopathies. This review presents the results of bibliometric analysis of publications on the use of protein amplification methods in the diagnostics of synucleinopathies. We also provide a comparative analysis of common RT-QuIC protocols, with special focus on the method principles, approaches for its optimization, types of biological materials, key factors influencing the sensitivity and specificity of this technique, and areas for its improvement.