Immunoassay Analysis Using Full-Length and Phage Antibodies for Detection of Antibiotics: A Review of the Literature

The widespread use of antibiotics, leading to antibiotic resistance and the appearance of antibiotics in the environment and food, has stimulated the development of new methods for monitoring antibacterial drugs in environmental objects. One of the promising areas for the development of methods for determining antibiotics is sensor technologies. The key point in the development of sensory systems is the selection of a sensitive (recognizing) element. One of the most popular methods for recognizing antibiotics is the use of antibodies. The main immunosensory systems based on recording the “antigen–antibody” interaction are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are shown. The possibility of using phage antibodies to determine antibiotics is described separately.