Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Response of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas putida and Rhodococcus erythropolis Bacteria during Antibiotic Treatment

In this work, oxidative damage and the level of antioxidant response in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas putida, and Rhodococcus erythropolis cells under the influence of such antibiotics as ampicillin, azithromycin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and ceftriaxone were studied. The level of protein carboxylation and lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), and the level of glutathione 3 and 6 hours after antibiotic treatment of bacteria were assessed. It is observed that SOD induction occurs earlier and is more active than catalase induction. In A. calcoaceticus, SOD is induced together with protein carboxylation and probably protects them from oxidative damage, while catalase induction correlates with LPO. A positive correlation is also noted between catalase activity and glutathione content in R. erythropolis. Catalase activity increases insignificantly and even decreases under the studied antibiotics influence, which is associated with an insignificant level of lipid peroxidation in most prokaryotes. On the other hand, low catalase activity can contribute to genome destabilization as a result of oxidative stress and enhance the adaptive evolution of bacteria.