A Comprehensive Review of L-Asparaginase: Production, Applications and Therapeutic Potential in Cancer Treatment

L-Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) primarily catalyzes the hydrolysis of Asn into ammonium and L-Asp and has wide applications in various industrial sectors. This protein has several sources, including microorganisms, plants, and the serum of certain rodents. Currently, L-asparaginase is primarily produced through biotechnology using bacteria and fungi. Genetic engineering methods are employed to create more stable enzymes than those available for the wild type. Given the extensive industrial use of L-asparaginase, optimization, and purification techniques are utilized to increase ex vivo enzyme production. The objective of this study is to comprehensively review the current literature on the production of L-asparaginase from diverse sources and using various methodologies.