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Abstract <p>To study the formation of dense shelf water and subsequent flow along the continental slope in the coastal area of the Cape Darnley Polynya during a specific period of its opening, the small-scale Fluidity ICOM model is used for the first time in a fully nonhydrostatic formulation. The model allows correct analysis of small-scale dynamics of density currents in mesoscale development. In calculations in the computational domain, the bottom topography is close to the actual one; the initial conditions are created in a preliminary experiment and are not specified. To calculate the intensity of intrawater (frazil) ice formation in a polynya, actual parameters of atmospheric forcing are used. The estimates of the values obtained for storm conditions: heat loss from the open water surface of the polynya, the rate of intrawater ice formation (ice productivity) and the intensity of salt fluxes into the water increase sharply (by an order of magnitude or more). In this connection, sharp intensification of convection in the polynya is observed, which enhances baroclinic circulation in the shelf-slope zone. Formed under the polynya, Antarctic shelf water spreads along the shelf and slope in the form of discrete unstable density currents, meanders, which often turn into eddies. In addition to the characteristic baroclinic instability, on bottom irregularities, the density currents also experience hydrodynamic instability, which ensures ventilation of waters on the slope. The bottom irregularities literally determine the cascading dynamics. Direct reliable estimates of the specific and volumetric flows of dense waters on the slope, obtained for conditions when the Cape Darnley Polynya is open, increase by six to seven times. In such areas of the slope in Antarctica, the formation of Antarctic bottom water increases sharply.</p>

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Study of the Formation and Drainage of Dense Water on the Shelf and Continental Slope in the Area of Existence of the Coastal Cape Darnley Polynya in the Commonwealth Sea in Antarctica

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • P. N. Golovin,
  • M. S. Molchanov,
  • N. N. Antipov,
  • S. V. Kashin,
  • I. A. Chistyakov

摘要

Abstract

To study the formation of dense shelf water and subsequent flow along the continental slope in the coastal area of the Cape Darnley Polynya during a specific period of its opening, the small-scale Fluidity ICOM model is used for the first time in a fully nonhydrostatic formulation. The model allows correct analysis of small-scale dynamics of density currents in mesoscale development. In calculations in the computational domain, the bottom topography is close to the actual one; the initial conditions are created in a preliminary experiment and are not specified. To calculate the intensity of intrawater (frazil) ice formation in a polynya, actual parameters of atmospheric forcing are used. The estimates of the values obtained for storm conditions: heat loss from the open water surface of the polynya, the rate of intrawater ice formation (ice productivity) and the intensity of salt fluxes into the water increase sharply (by an order of magnitude or more). In this connection, sharp intensification of convection in the polynya is observed, which enhances baroclinic circulation in the shelf-slope zone. Formed under the polynya, Antarctic shelf water spreads along the shelf and slope in the form of discrete unstable density currents, meanders, which often turn into eddies. In addition to the characteristic baroclinic instability, on bottom irregularities, the density currents also experience hydrodynamic instability, which ensures ventilation of waters on the slope. The bottom irregularities literally determine the cascading dynamics. Direct reliable estimates of the specific and volumetric flows of dense waters on the slope, obtained for conditions when the Cape Darnley Polynya is open, increase by six to seven times. In such areas of the slope in Antarctica, the formation of Antarctic bottom water increases sharply.